ABSTRACT

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS FROM COMMERCIAL POULTRY IN PAKISTAN

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)

Author: Rai Shafqat Ali Khan, Mudasser Habib, Muhammad Salah Ud Din Shah, Waqas Ali, Zaheer Hussain, Zahid Ali Tahir

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.02.2017.01.06

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease of young, growing chickens which results in impaired growth or mortality of rearing flocks. In the current era there is a re-emergence of very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses (vvIBDV) and classical variant (cv) IBDV strains which increased the financial losses of poultry industry worldwide. Recent studies were conducted to characterize the existing vvIBDVs prevailing in Pakistan. The suspected samples were collected from the field outbreaks during the period from 2014–2017. IBDV was detected by RT-PCR. The sequences of VP2 gene (hyper variable region) were determined and available details were aligned with sequences submitted inGenBank. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that both vvIBDV and classical variant strains were circulating in different regions of Pakistan. In Indo-Pak isolates, the presence of virulent markers, amino acids (A222, I242, Q253, I256 and S299) and “Serine rich- heptapeptide” indicated the presence of very virulent viruses. The presence of T284A isan indicator of vvIBDVs in local poultry farms. More than 99% similarity of Pakistani isolates with Indian sequences reflects the trans-boundary spread of IBD. In recent studies amino acid, Glutamine (Q) is present at position 221 (as reported in previous studies) rather than Histidine (H) in Pakistani sequences. It is investigated that Glutamic acid (E) is located at position 300 in minor hydrophilic region III of VP2 protein in all reported Pakistani isolates. It is the unique feature of indigenous strains. This study will be useful in understanding the origin and pathotypes of IBDV circulating in Pakistan.

ABSTRACT

Aging Mechanisms: Linking oxidative stress, obesity and inflammation

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Ghazanfar Abbas, Amber Salman, Sajjad Ur Rahman, M. Khalil Ateeq, M. Usman, Sanaullah Sajid, Zaytoon Zaheer, Tayyaba Younas

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.30.33

Aging cannot be defeated in anyway in the world even having new and advanced technology. But molecular mechanism is a successful method to control aging. Many complex and multifunctional factors are the main cause of aging.
It is evident that the studies regarding cellular, genetic, and pathological and biochemical changes are exploring more and more pathways linking various diverse mechanism explaining aging. Implications of basic mechanisms of aging for improving both longevity and quality of life in human needs a clear understanding and takes a long time. However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicate a growing body even in the presence of fundamental mechanisms. According to oxidative stress theory, advanced and permanent addition of oxidative damage on critical aspects of aging process instigated by ROS influences. Telomeres theory is another, new aging theory that holds many promising possibilities for the field of anti-aging medicine. The theory was originated from the surge of technological breakthroughs in genetics and genetic engineering. Telomeres have also been found related to obesity. Obesity also leads to accelerated cellular processes. A “causative agent in aging” is considered inflammation that underlies a mechanism showing that for survival acute inflammatory response is necessary but long term exposure to different antigens than predicted by evolution cause low-grade inflammatory status which intern contributes to age-associated illness and death. The condition known as “inflammaging”.

ABSTRACT

A Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based detection of foot and mouth disease in District Faisalabad, Pakistan during the Year 2016

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Waqas Ali, Mudasser Habib, Sanaullah Sajid, Rai Shafqat Ali Khan, M. Usman Mazhar, Irfan Ullah Khan, Uneeb Saliha, Muhammad Farooq, M. Salah Ud Din Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Muzammil

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.27.29

Foot and mouth disease is an economically devastating disease of livestock that mainly effect cloven-hoofed animals i.e. sheep, goat, cattle, pig, buffalo, deer etc. The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes circulating in the region during 2016. Sampling was done from different outbreaks initially on the basis of clinical signs and later reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for the confirmation of FMDV genome. Out of total 72 samples, 65 were found positive which were then serotyped into type O (n=30), Asia1 (n=19) and A (n=5). Some samples (n=5) were found positive for more than one serotype that were subjected to reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT-LAMP) for serotype determination.

ABSTRACT

A Review of antihyperlipidemic effect of synthetic phenolic compounds

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Sadaf Nawaz, Munazza shareef, Hina shahid, Misbah Mushtaq, Maliha sarfraz

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.22.26

It is seen that most of the deaths are occurring due to diseases of cardiovascular system. There is a significant impact of lifestyle changes on the quality of health. Utilization of food highly rich with saturated fat and having low fiber content is one of the factors of disarray in energy balance. It is now evinced that hyperlipidemia is depicted as a major risk factor for the premature development of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the past 25 years; today, two-thirds of adults are overweight in the United State [1].

ABSTRACT

Effect of Season on Occurrence of Caprine Mastitis in Beetal in Faisalabad Premises

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem, Farrah Deeba, Muhammad Sajjad Khan, Syed Ashar Mahfooz, Asif Ali butt, Malik Waseem Abbas

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.19.21

Mastitis in goats, analogous to dairy cattle, is one of the most significant diseases of economic importance, worldwide. For the proposed study 25 Beetal Faisalabadi goat farms comprising 10-20 goats in radius of 25 km was included. Sampling was done during two kidding season first in September-October and second in February-March. The epidemiological data, including goat breed, age, parity, stage of lactation, amount of milk, length of lactation period, and farming system were recorded. These selected herds were screened out by SFMT and positive milk samples were aseptically collected. Samples from infected goats were subjected to microbiological assays. On the basis of results of sampling, screening and microbiological analysis of milk samples it was revealed that mastitis is more in summer season as compared to winter season. In winter the occurrence of mastitis in beetal Faisalabadi was 21.68% and in summer it was 25.70%. Bacteriological examination of mastitic milk samples revealed that Staphylococcus species was the major etiological agent of caprine mastitis in Beetal Faisalabadi goats during both season. Statistical results of the study has showed that age, teat length, teat end, teat symmetry, distance between teat length and floor, stage of lactation and udder shape has significant effect on caprine mastitis (p<0.05). Parameters like season, udder washing, condition of floor, farm hygiene, milk practices and housing has no significant effect on mastitis (p>0.05).

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in poultry- an emerging concern related to future epidemic

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Zaytoon Zaheer, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Iqra Zaheer, Ghazanfar Abbas, Tayyaba Younas

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.15.18

Methicillin resistant – Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an organism responsible for causing deadly infections in man, poultry and several other animal species. Ever since the discovery of MRSA in decade of 1960’s, it has been isolated and reported in live poultry birds and their meat products worldwide. Strikingly, MRSA recovered from poultry share a common ancestry with MRSA isolates of human and animal origin. Furthermore, MRSA colonizes the skin and mucous membranes of both man and poultry. This colonizing ability of MRSA is not only a cause of non-responsive infections in poultry but it can also be transferred to the humans handling birds at farms and slaughter houses. Moreover, the consumers of poultry meat can also acquire its infection. The cases of cross infections of MRSA between poultry and human has been reported. However, the most important difficulty to control MRSA and its interspecies transmission is the irrational use of antimicrobial drugs and inadequate biosecurity measures. Therefore, rational usage of antimicrobials and good biosecurity measures need to be adopted for prevention and control of zoonotic MRSA infections. This paper reviews the existing status of MRSA in poultry as a possible threat of zoonosis.

ABSTRACT

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw milk and dairy products

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Sabeen Gohar, Ghazanfar Abbas, Sanaullah sajid, Maliha Sarfraz, Sultan Ali, Muhammad Ashraf, Rizwan Aslam, Kashaf Yaseen

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.10.14

Listeriosis is a severe foodborne disease commonly caused by eating contaminated food with the Listeria species. A large variety of foods, especially dairy foods and ready-to-eat products, can support the growth of pathogens. Outbreaks of listeriosis have been related with milk, cheese, vegetable salads, and meat products, and fatality rates are typically around 20% due to listeriosis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention evaluates that 2500 infections and more than 500 deaths are related with listeriosis each year in the United States. A total 125 milk and dairy products were included in the study. Isolation and identification of this specie was done and then confirmed it by gram staining. Antimicrobial sensitivity was also checked. Prevalence of Listeria species were 16.8%, Listeria monocytogenes was 13.6%. Listeria monocytogenes was resistant against Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin and sensitive Fosfomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin. The results of this study showed the low prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes.

ABSTRACT

A Review: Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of listeria species in milk products

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Maliha Sarfraz, Yasmin Ashraf, Samina Ashraf

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.03.09

More than 200 known diseases are transmitted through food. The causes of foodborne illness include viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals, prions, and the symptoms of foodborne illness range from mild gastroenteritis to life-threatening neurologic, hepatic and renal syndromes. In the United States, foodborne diseases have been estimated to cause 6 million to 81 million illnesses and up to 9,000 deaths each year. Milk borne pathogens caused serious diseases in the human which may be related to the raw milk, improper pasteurization of milk and milk products. Some biological tools are developed for the measuring of the contamination by the pathogens. Such species like Listeria, Salmonella and Campylobacter species. Such factors which involved in the contamination catalogue between the area where impermanent cattle confinement, low milk production, low milking machine cleaning frequency, and milk storage area.

ABSTRACT

Successful Treatment Of Idiopathic Generalized Subcutaneous Emphysema In Kajli A Ram By Large Bore Injection Needle

Matrix Science Medica (MSM)
Author: Ghulam Muhammad, Imaad Rashid,Sehrish Firyal and Muhammad Saqib

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/msm.01.2017.01.02

A case of generalized subcutaneous emphysema of an unknown etiology in a 1-year old Kajli ram is described. The ram was successfully treated by evacuation of accumulated air with the help of a 16 gauge needle inserted at 6 different sites. The affected ram recovered in 2 days.